solving problems in c

"Hello World!" in C Easy C (Basic) Max Score: 5 Success Rate: 85.71%

Playing with characters easy c (basic) max score: 5 success rate: 84.42%, sum and difference of two numbers easy c (basic) max score: 5 success rate: 94.64%, functions in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 96.01%, pointers in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 96.60%, conditional statements in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 96.95%, for loop in c easy c (basic) max score: 10 success rate: 93.76%, sum of digits of a five digit number easy c (basic) max score: 15 success rate: 98.67%, bitwise operators easy c (basic) max score: 15 success rate: 94.98%, printing pattern using loops medium c (basic) max score: 30 success rate: 95.95%, cookie support is required to access hackerrank.

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C Programs with Solutions

This section contains popular C programs with solution. Learn and practice these programs to test and enhance your C skills. Last updated : April 01, 2023

The best way to learn C programming is by practicing and solving the C programs (C problems). We have 1000+ C programs with solutions which are categorized below. Practice these C programs to learn and enhance your C problem-solving skills.

List of C programs

Practice the C programs based on the categories, library functions, advanced, top searched, and latest.

C programs on standard library functions

ctype.h Library Functions (Set 1)
ctype.h Library Functions (Set 2)
string.h Library Functions
conio.h Library Functions
dos.h Library Functions
math.h Library Functions
graphics.h Library Functions
assert.h Library Functions
stdio.h Library Functions

Advance C programs

C program to create your own header file/ Create your your own header file in C
gotoxy(),clrscr(),getch(),getche() for GCC, Linux.
fork() function explanation and examples in Linux C
C program to print character without using format specifiers.
C program to find Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction.
C program to print weekday of given date.
C program to format/extract ip address octets
C program to check given string is a valid IPv4 address or not.
C program to extract bytes from an integer (Hexadecimal) value
C program to store date in an integer variable

Top searched C programs

Here is the list of most important/useful programs searched on the web .

Top visited programs on IncludeHelp

Pattern Programs in C
C program to design calculator with basic operations using switch
C program to find factorial of a number
C program to check whether number is Perfect Square or not
C program to find SUM and AVERAGE of two numbers
C program to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit
C program to read and print an employee's detail using structure
Dynamic Memory Allocation programs
C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary
C program to check whether number is Palindrome or not

Top searched programs on the web

First C program to print "Hello World".
C program to find factorial of a number.
C program to swap two numbers without using third variable.
C program to check whether a number if Armstrong or not.
C program to check whether a number if Even or Odd.
C program to print all leap years from 1 to N.
C program to calculate employee gross salary.
C Program to print tables of numbers from 1 to 20.
C program to print star/pyramid series.
C program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa.
C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary.
C program to convert number from Binary to Decimal.
C program to print ASCII Table.
C program to get and set current system date and time.
C program to run dos command.

Latest C programs

C program to generate random numbers within a range
C program to compare strings using strcmp() function
Interchange the two adjacent nodes in a given circular linked list | C program
Find the largest element in a doubly linked list | C program
Convert a given singly linked list to a circular list | C program
Implement Circular Doubly Linked List | C program
Print the Alternate Nodes in a Linked List without using Recursion
Print the Alternate Nodes in a Linked List using Recursion
Find the length of a linked list without using recursion
Find the length of a linked list using recursion
Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list without using recursion
Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list using recursion
C program to convert a Binary Tree into a Singly Linked List by Traversing Level by Level
C program to Check if nth Bit in a 32-bit Integer is set or not
C program to swap two Integers using Bitwise Operators
C program to replace bit in an integer at a specified position from another integer
C program to find odd or even number using bitmasking
C program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not using Bitwise Operator
C program to count number of bits set to 1 in an Integer
C program to check if all the bits of a given integer is one (1)
C program to find the Highest Bit Set for any given Integer
C program to Count the Number of Trailing Zeroes in an Integer
C Program to find the Biggest Number in an Array of Numbers using Recursion
C program to accept Sorted Array and do Search using Binary Search
C Program to Cyclically Permute the Elements of an Array
C program to find two smallest elements in a one dimensional array
Write your own memset() function in C
memset() function in C with Example
Write your own memcpy() function in C
memcpy() function in C with Example

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Problem Solving Through Programming in C

In this lesson, we are going to learn Problem Solving Through Programming in C. This is the first lesson while we start learning the C language.

Introduction to Problem Solving Through Programming in C

Regardless of the area of the study, computer science is all about solving problems with computers. The problem that we want to solve can come from any real-world problem or perhaps even from the abstract world. We need to have a standard systematic approach to problem solving through programming in c.

computer programmers are problem solvers. In order to solve a problem on a computer, we must know how to represent the information describing the problem and determine the steps to transform the information from one representation into another.

A computer is a very powerful and versatile machine capable of performing a multitude of different tasks, yet it has no intelligence or thinking power.

The computer cannot solve the problem on its own, one has to provide step by step solutions of the problem to the computer. In fact, the task of problem-solving is not that of the computer.

It is the programmer who has to write down the solution to the problem in terms of simple operations which the computer can understand and execute.

In order to solve a problem with the computer, one has to pass through certain stages or steps. They are as follows:

Steps to Solve a Problem With the Computer

Step 1: understanding the problem:.

Here we try to understand the problem to be solved in totally. Before with the next stage or step, we should be absolutely sure about the objectives of the given problem.

Step 2: Analyzing the Problem:

The idea here is to search for an appropriate solution to the problem under consideration. The end result of this stage is a broad overview of the sequence of operations that are to be carried out to solve the given problem.

Step 3: Developing the solution:

Here, the overview of the sequence of operations that was the result of the analysis stage is expanded to form a detailed step by step solution to the problem under consideration.

Step 4: Coding and Implementation:

The vehicle for the computer solution to a problem is a set of explicit and unambiguous instructions expressed in a programming language. This set of instruction is called a program with problem solving through programming in C .

A program may also be thought of as an algorithm expressed in a programming language. an algorithm, therefore, corresponds to a solution to a problem that is independent of any programming language .

The problem solving is a skill and there are no universal approaches one can take to solving problems. Basically one must explore possible avenues to a solution one by one until she/he comes across the right path to a solution.

In general, as one gains experience in solving problems, one develops one’s own techniques and strategies, though they are often intangible. Problem-solving skills are recognized as an integral component of computer programming.

Problem Solving Steps

Problem-solving is a creative process which defines systematization and mechanization. There are a number of steps that can be taken to raise the level of one’s performance in problem-solving.

A problem-solving technique follows certain steps in finding the solution to a problem. Let us look into the steps one by one:

1. Problem Definition Phase:

In the problem definition phase, we must emphasize what must be done rather than how is it to be done. That is, we try to extract the precisely defined set of tasks from the problem statement.

Inexperienced problem solvers too often gallop ahead with the task of the problem – solving only to find that they are either solving the wrong problem or solving the wrong problem or solving just one particular problem.

2. Getting Started on a Problem:

Sometimes you do not have any idea where to begin solving a problem, even if the problem has been defined. Such block sometimes occurs because you are overly concerned with the details of the implementation even before you have completely understood or worked out a solution.

The best advice is not to get concerned with the details. Those can come later when the intricacies of the problem have been understood.

3. Use of Specific Examples:

It is usually much easier to work out the details of a solution to a specific problem because the relationship between the mechanism and the problem is more clearly defined.

This approach of focusing on a particular problem can give us the foothold we need for making a start on the solution to the general problem.

4. Similarities Among Problems:

The more experience one has the more tools and techniques one can bring to bear in tackling the given problem. But sometimes, it blocks us from discovering a desirable or better solution to the problem.

A skill that is important to try to develop in problem-solving is the ability to view a problem from a variety of angles.

5. Working Backwards from the Solution:

In some cases, we can assume that we already have the solution to the problem and then try to work backwards to the starting point. Even a guess at the solution to the problem may be enough to give us a foothold to start on the problem.

We can systematize the investigations and avoid duplicate efforts by writing down the various steps taken and explorations made.

General Problem Solving Strategies:

There are a number of general and powerful computational strategies that are repeatedly used in various guises in computer science.

Often it is possible to phrase a problem in terms of one of these strategies and achieve considerable gains in computational efficiency.

1. Divide and Conquer:

The Splitting can be carried on further so that eventually we have many sub-problems, so small that further splitting is no necessary to solve them. We shall see many examples of this strategy and discuss the gain in efficiency due to its application.

2. Binary Doubling:

This is the reverse of the divide and conquers strategy i.e build-up the solution for a larger problem from solutions and smaller sub-problems.

3. Dynamic Programming:

The travelling salesman problem falls into this category. The idea here is that a good or optimal solution to a problem can be built-up from good or optimal solutions of the sub-problems.

4. General Search, Back Tracking and Branch-and-Bound:

All of these are variants of the basic dynamic programming strategy but are equally important.

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Related posts, what is preprocessor in c, what is file handling in c, structures and unions in c.

N Queens Problem in C Using Backtracking

Here you will get program for N queens problem in C using backtracking.

N Queens Problem is a famous puzzle in which n-queens are to be placed on a nxn chess board such that no two queens are in the same row, column or diagonal. In this tutorial I am sharing the C program to find solution for N Queens problem using backtracking. Below animation shows the solution for 8 queens problem using backtracking.

Also Read: C Program for Tower of Hanoi Problem

8 Queens Problem Using Backtracking

Program for N Queens Problem in C Using Backtracking

Comment below if you found anything incorrect in above N queens problem in C.

Stack in c++ using linked list, singly linked list in c, linear queue in c++ using linked list, binary tree in c using recursion, 30 thoughts on “n queens problem in c using backtracking”.

#include will not declared in the scope fix it then it will work 🙂 thanks again to build up this dashing structure .

Hey Neeraj! can you please explain the code. I have got manual logic of n queen problem but finding code difficult to understand like board[i]=column and other such lines. Does board[i] or board[row] has some value. Please explain, i am a beginner….

I tried but i am not able to understand the logic :- if (abs(board[i]-column)==abs(i-row))

How, it is able to check the column. please explain.

Actually it is used to check that queen should not be placed diagonally.

thanks for the code, but I have a doubt. consider the first two queens are placed at (row 1, column1) and (row2 ,column 3). now the next queen can not be placed in row 3 and hence the position of 2nd queen is changing from (row2, column3) to (row2 ,column4). since, I can not see any code line to decrement the row number. can you please tell me how it is really executing this step???

same question…….how is the row decrementing?

That’s the basics of backtracking : We use a recursive call of the queen() function to compute and verify the next row. If a position cannot be found for the next row, the code goes back to where the recursive call was made, and keeps going from there.

It’s not very clear, i’m sorry, let’s try it that way : We’re on row 3. We’re looking for a position for our queen on that row, with those lines : —————————– if(place(row,column)) { board[row]=column; —————————–

If there’s a valid position, we place the queen, then call the function recursively : —————————– queen(row+1,n); —————————– Which is going to do the same thing again, for the next row : row 4. If a position isn’t found in this call (for row + 1, which is row 4), the program will abandon that solution, and go back to where it was before, which means it will execute the rest of the code, and that was the loop where we’re incrementing “column” for row 3.. There, it will check again for the next value of column, and if the position is valid, it is then going to try again for row + 1 (row 4), until there is a valid solution there. When it finds one, it is going to call queen() again, with row + 1, which means row 5.

its an recursion algorithm.. when you return it takes you back to the earlier function from where you have called the function. means example : if u r in 4th row means you called place() function in 3th row.. so in case the functions returns the it will take back to 3rd row this how decrement takes place.

thank you so much bro 🙂 its hard to understand algorithm from textbook….. but u made it simple to understand through this program… thank you once again 🙂

This is DFS algortihm or BFS algorithm?

DFS. We’re looking at the next layer to see if it’s valid.

Dfs bound function

explain in detail how place function is working. and what is abs?

abs means absolute

output not coming:- the error i am getting:- queen1.c:51:7: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘abs’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] if(abs(board[i]-column)==abs(i-row))queen1.c:51:7: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘abs’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] if(abs(board[i]-column)==abs(i-row))

abs is a function from the math library, you need to #include it for the function to work.

Use #include

Add #include

As a rule of thumb the mathematical functions that operate on floating point numbers are in math.h, and the ones that operate on integers are in stdlib.h. so including instead of math.h header file can solve the implicit declaration of function abs error.

//Basically we will place queen at a row assuming for our solution all the queens are placed at 1 to row-1 correctly .To clear this condition queens at //1 to row-1 are //placed such that they do not contradict with queen placed at column vertically or diagonally .Since we are placing board[row]=column so there is no //way in hell we can produce a solution such that board[i]=column when i iterates from 1 to row-1.Also for diagonal condition difference b/w i and row && //board[i] and column can’t be equal.Otherwise queen at ith row will kill u.

How this program is terminating and printing two solutions

can you please explain the code by tracing? And with explanation of every line in the code

how is it printing all solutions ?? how does it store all the solutions? its seems it is working on only one solution

Hi. Nice Solution.

nice solution

thankuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu so much ur code was awsm and help me alot in my project

abs is a function in c…. i..e.,included in “stdlib”headerfile

Is there any particular formula for finding number of solutions for this problem for a given number of queens??

I am unable to analyze the code and can u pls help me to tracing of the logic of the code.

Thankyou so much bro , it’s hard to understand but amazing code

HackeRank Solutions in C

Hello coders, in this post you will find each and every solution of HackerRank Problems in C language . After going through the solutions, you will be able to understand the concepts and solutions very easily.

One more thing to add, don’t straight away look for the solutions, first try to solve the problems by yourself. If you find any difficulty after trying several times, then look for the solutions.

Hacker Rank C Solutions

“Hello, World!” in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Playing With Characters – Hacker Rank Solution
Sum and Difference of Two Numbers – Hacker Rank Solution
Functions in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Pointers in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Conditional Statements in C – Hacker Rank Solution
For Loop in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Sum of Digits of a Five Digit Number – Hacker Rank Solution
Bitwise Operators – Hacker Rank Solution
Printing Patterns Using Loops – Hacker Rank Solution
1D Arrays in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Array Reversal in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Printing Tokens in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Digit Frequency in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Calculate the Nth term in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Students Marks Sum in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Sorting Arrays of Strings in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Permutation of Strings in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Variadic Functions in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Querying the Document in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Boxes Through a Tunnel in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Small Triangles, Large Triangles in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Dynamic Array in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Post Transition in C – Hacker Rank Solution
Structuring the Document – Hacker Rank Solution

Disclaimer: The above Problems are generated by Hacker Rank but the Solutions are Provided by CodingBroz . These tutorials are only for Educational and Learning Purpose.

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HackerRank C Program Solutions: Sharpen Your C Programming Skills with Real-World Problems

HackerRank C Program Solutions offer a comprehensive set of problems and solutions that will help you hone your C programming skills. Our platform provides a range of challenges covering various C programming topics such as arrays, pointers, functions, and more. With our real-world problem-solving approach, you will gain the practical experience and confidence needed to tackle complex C programming projects. Start practicing with HackerRank C Program Solutions and take your C programming skills to the next level.

HackerRank Solutions in C

"Hello World!" in C HackerRank Solution
Playing With Characters HackerRank Solution
Sum and Difference of Two Numbers HackerRank Solution
Functions in C HackerRank Solution
Pointers in C HackerRank Solution
Conditional Statements in C HackerRank Solution
For Loop in C Solution
Sum of Digits of a Five Digit Number HackerRank Solution
Bitwise Operators HackerRank Solution
Printing Pattern Using Loops HackerRank Solution
Variadic functions in C HackerRank Solution
HackerRank 1D Arrays in C Solutions
Array Reversal in C HackerRank Solution
Printing Tokens HackerRank Solution
Digit Frequency HackerRank Solution
Dynamic Array in C HackerRank Solution
Calculate the Nth term HackerRank Solution
Students Marks Sum HackerRank Solution
Sorting Array of Strings HackerRank Solution
Permutations of Strings HackerRank Solution
Querying the Document HackerRank Solution
Boxes through a Tunnel HackerRank Solution
Small Triangles, Large Triangles HackerRank Solution
Post Transition HackerRank Solution
Structuring the Document HackerRank Solution

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C Programming Exercises, Practice, Solution : For Loop

C for loop [61 exercises with solution].

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1. Write a program in C to display the first 10 natural numbers. Expected Output : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Click me to see the solution

2. Write a C program to compute the sum of the first 10 natural numbers. Expected Output : The first 10 natural number is : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Sum is : 55 Click me to see the solution

3. Write a program in C to display n terms of natural numbers and their sum. Test Data : 7 Expected Output : The first 7 natural number is : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Sum of Natural Number upto 7 terms : 28 Click me to see the solution

4. Write a program in C to read 10 numbers from the keyboard and find their sum and average. Test Data : Input the 10 numbers : Number-1 :2 ... Number-10 :2 Expected Output : The sum of 10 no is : 55 The Average is : 5.500000 Click me to see the solution

5. Write a program in C to display the cube of the number up to an integer. Test Data : Input number of terms : 5 Expected Output : Number is : 1 and cube of the 1 is :1 Number is : 2 and cube of the 2 is :8 Number is : 3 and cube of the 3 is :27 Number is : 4 and cube of the 4 is :64 Number is : 5 and cube of the 5 is :125 Click me to see the solution

6. Write a program in C to display the multiplication table for a given integer. Test Data : Input the number (Table to be calculated) : 15 Expected Output : 15 X 1 = 15 ... ... 15 X 10 = 150 Click me to see the solution

7. Write a program in C to display the multiplier table vertically from 1 to n. Test Data : Input upto the table number starting from 1 : 8 Expected Output : Multiplication table from 1 to 8 1x1 = 1, 2x1 = 2, 3x1 = 3, 4x1 = 4, 5x1 = 5, 6x1 = 6, 7x1 = 7, 8x1 = 8 ... 1x10 = 10, 2x10 = 20, 3x10 = 30, 4x10 = 40, 5x10 = 50, 6x10 = 60, 7x10 = 70, 8x10 = 80 Click me to see the solution

8. Write a C program to display the n terms of odd natural numbers and their sum. Test Data Input number of terms : 10 Expected Output : The odd numbers are :1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 The Sum of odd Natural Number upto 10 terms : 100 Click me to see the solution

9. Write a program in C to display a pattern like a right angle triangle using an asterisk.

The pattern like :

Click me to see the solution

10. Write a C program to display a pattern like a right angle triangle with a number.

11. Write a program in C to make such a pattern like a right angle triangle with a number which will repeat a number in a row.

12. Write a program in C to make such a pattern like a right angle triangle with the number increased by 1.

13. Write a program in C to make a pyramid pattern with numbers increased by 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Click me to see the solution

14. Write a C program to make such a pattern as a pyramid with an asterisk.

15. Write a C program to calculate the factorial of a given number. Test Data : Input the number : 5 Expected Output : The Factorial of 5 is: 120 Click me to see the solution

16. Write a C program to display the sum of n terms of even natural numbers. Test Data : Input number of terms : 5 Expected Output : The even numbers are :2 4 6 8 10 The Sum of even Natural Number upto 5 terms : 30 Click me to see the solution

17. Write a C program to make such a pattern like a pyramid with a number which will repeat the number in the same row.

18. Write a program in C to find the sum of the series [ 1-X^2/2!+X^4/4!- .........]. Test Data : Input the Value of x :2 Input the number of terms : 5 Expected Output : the sum = -0.415873 Number of terms = 5 value of x = 2.000000 Click me to see the solution

19. Write a program in C to display the n terms of a harmonic series and their sum. 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 ... 1/n terms Test Data : Input the number of terms : 5 Expected Output : 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + Sum of Series upto 5 terms : 2.283334 Click me to see the solution

20. Write a C program to display the pattern as a pyramid using asterisks, with each row containing an odd number of asterisks.

21. Write a program in C to display the sum of the series [ 9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 ...]. Test Data : Input the number or terms :5 Expected Output : 9 99 999 9999 99999 The sum of the saries = 111105 Click me to see the solution

22. Write a program in C to print Floyd's Triangle.

23. Write a program in C to find the sum of the series [x - x^3 + x^5 + ......]. Test Data : Input the value of x :3 Input number of terms : 5 Expected Output : The sum is : 16.375000 Click me to see the solution

24. Write a program in C to find the sum of the series [ x - x^3 + x^5 + ......]. Test Data : Input the value of x :2 Input number of terms : 5 Expected Output : The values of the series: 2 -8 32 -128 512 The sum = 410 Click me to see the solution

25. Write a C program that displays the n terms of square natural numbers and their sum. 1 4 9 16 ... n Terms Test Data : Input the number of terms : 5 Expected Output : The square natural upto 5 terms are :1 4 9 16 25 The Sum of Square Natural Number upto 5 terms = 55 Click me to see the solution

26. Write a program in C to find the sum of the series 1 +11 + 111 + 1111 + .. n terms. Test Data : Input the number of terms : 5 Expected Output : 1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 + 11111 The Sum is : 12345 Click me to see the solution

27. Write a C program to check whether a given number is a 'Perfect' number or not. Test Data : Input the number : 56 Expected Output : The positive divisor : 1 2 4 7 8 14 28 The sum of the divisor is : 64 So, the number is not perfect. Click me to see the solution

28. Write a C program to find the 'Perfect' numbers within a given number of ranges. Test Data : Input the starting range or number : 1 Input the ending range of number : 50 Expected Output : The Perfect numbers within the given range : 6 28 Click me to see the solution

29. Write a C program to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number or not. Test Data : Input a number: 153 Expected Output : 153 is an Armstrong number. Click me to see the solution

30. Write a C program to find the Armstrong number for a given range of number. Test Data : Input starting number of range: 1 Input ending number of range : 1000 Expected Output : Armstrong numbers in given range are: 1 153 370 371 407 Click me to see the solution

31. Write a program in C to display a pattern like a diamond.

32. Write a C program to determine whether a given number is prime or not. Test Data : Input a number: 13 Expected Output : 13 is a prime number. Click me to see the solution

33. Write a C program to display Pascal's triangle. Test Data : Input number of rows: 5 Expected Output :

34. Write a program in C to find the prime numbers within a range of numbers. Test Data : Input starting number of range: 1 Input ending number of range : 50 Expected Output : The prime number between 1 and 50 are : 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 Click me to see the solution

35. Write a program in C to display the first n terms of the Fibonacci series. Fibonacci series 0 1 2 3 5 8 13 ..... Test Data : Input number of terms to display : 10 Expected Output : Here is the Fibonacci series upto to 10 terms : 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 Click me to see the solution

36. Write a C program to display a such a pattern for n rows using a number that starts with 1 and each row will have a 1 as the first and last number.

37. Write a program in C to display a given number in reverse order. Test Data : Input a number: 12345 Expected Output : The number in reverse order is : 54321 Click me to see the solution

38. Write a C program to check whether a number is a palindrome or not. Test Data : Input a number: 121 Expected Output : 121 is a palindrome number. Click me to see the solution

39. Write a program in C to find the number and sum of all integers between 100 and 200 which are divisible by 9. Expected Output : Numbers between 100 and 200, divisible by 9 : 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 189 198 The sum : 1683 Click me to see the solution

40. Write a C program to display the pyramid pattern using the alphabet.

41. Write a program in C to convert a decimal number into binary without using an array. Test Data : Input a decimal number: 25 Binary number equivalent to said decimal number is: 0000000000000000000000000001 1001 Click me to see the solution

42. Write a C program to convert a binary number into a decimal number without using array, function and while loop. Test Data : Input a binary number :1010101 Expected Output : The Binary Number : 1010101 The equivalent Decimal Number : 85 Click me to see the solution

43. Write a C program to find the HCF (Highest Common Factor) of two numbers. Test Data : Input 1st number for HCF: 24 Input 2nd number for HCF: 28 Expected Output : HCF of 24 and 28 is : 4 Click me to see the solution

44. Write a C program to find the LCM of any two numbers using HCF. Test Data : Input 1st number for LCM: 15 Input 2nd number for LCM: 20 Expected Output : The LCM of 15 and 20 is : 60 Click me to see the solution

45. Write a program in C to find the LCM of any two numbers. Test Data : Input 1st number for LCM: 15 Input 2nd number for LCM: 20 Expected Output : The LCM of 15 and 20 is : 60 Click me to see the solution

46. Write a C program to convert a binary number into a decimal number using the math function. Test Data : Input the binary number :1010100 Expected Output : The Binary Number : 1010100 The equivalent Decimal Number is : 84 Click me to see the solution

47. Write a C program to check whether a number is a Strong Number or not. Test Data : Input a number to check whether it is Strong number: 15 Expected Output : 15 is not a Strong number. Click me to see the solution

48. Write a C program to find Strong Numbers within a range of numbers. Test Data : Input starting range of number : 1 Input ending range of number: 200 Expected Output : The Strong numbers are : 1 2 145 Click me to see the solution

49. Write a C program to find the sum of an A.P. series. Test Data : Input the starting number of the A.P. series: 1 Input the number of items for the A.P. series: 10 Input the common difference of A.P. series: 4 Expected Output : The Sum of the A.P. series are : 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21 + 25 + 29 + 33 + 37 = 190 Click me to see the solution

50. Write a program in C to convert a decimal number into octal without using an array. Test Data : Enter a number to convert : 79 Expected Output : The Octal of 79 is 117. Click me to see the solution

51. Write a C program to convert an octal number to a decimal without using an array. Test Data : Input an octal number (using digit 0 - 7) :745 Expected Output : The Octal Number : 745 The equivalent Decimal Number : 485 Click me to see the solution

52. Write a C program to find the sum of the G.P. series. Test Data : Input the first number of the G.P. series: 3 Input the number or terms in the G.P. series: 5 Input the common ratio of G.P. series: 2 Expected Output : The numbers for the G.P. series: 3.000000 6.000000 12.000000 24.000000 48.000000 The Sum of the G.P. series : 93.000000 Click me to see the solution

53. Write a C program to convert a binary number to octal. Test Data : Input a binary number :1001 Expected Output : The Binary Number : 1001 The equivalent Octal Number : 11 Click me to see the solution

54. Write a program in C to convert an octal number into binary. Test Data : Input an octal number (using digit 0 - 7) :57 Expected Output : The Octal Number : 57 The equivalent Binary Number : 101111

55. Write a C program to convert a decimal number to hexadecimal. Test Data : Input any Decimal number: 79 Expected Output : The equivalent Hexadecimal Number : 4F Click me to see the solution

56. Write a program in C to check whether a number can be expressed as the sum of two prime. Test Data : Input a positive integer: 16 Expected Output : 16 = 3 + 13 16 = 5 + 11 Click me to see the solution

57. Write a C program to print a string in reverse order. Test Data : Input a string to reverse : Welcome Expected Output : Reversed string is: emocleW Click me to see the solution

58. Write a C program to find the length of a string without using the library function. Test Data : Input a string : welcome Expected Output : The string contains 7 number of characters. So, the length of the string welcome is : 7 Click me to see the solution

59. Write a C program to check the Armstrong number of n digits. Test Data : Input an integer : 1634 Expected Output : 1634 is an Armstrong number Click me to see the solution

60. Write a C program that takes user input and counts the number of characters until the end of the file. Test Data : Input characters : w3resource Expected Output : Input characters: On Linux systems and OS X EOF is CTRL+D. For Windows EOF is CTRL+Z. Number of Characters: 10 Click me to see the solution

61. Write a C program that takes input from the user and counts the number of uppercase and lowercase letters, as well as the number of other characters. Test Data : Input characters : w3resource Expected Output : Input characters: On Linux systems and OS X EOF is CTRL+D. For Windows EOF is CTRL+Z. Uppercase letters: 0 Lowercase letters: 9 Other characters: 1 Click me to see the solution

C Programming Code Editor:

More to Come !

Do not submit any solution of the above exercises at here, if you want to contribute go to the appropriate exercise page.

Weekly Trends and Language Statistics

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Function, recursion programming exercises and solutions in C

A function is a collection of statements grouped together to do some specific task. In series of learning C programming, we already used many functions unknowingly. Functions such as – printf() , scanf() , sqrt() , pow() or the most important the main() function. Every C program has at least one function i.e. the main() function.

Function provides modularity to our program. Dividing a program in different modules makes it easy to maintain, debug and understand the code.

Functions in C programming is classified in two categories i.e. library functions and user defined functions . In this exercise we will focus on user defined functions and learn to write our own functions.

Feel free to drop your queries and suggestions below in the comments section . I would try my best to help asap.

Required knowledge

Basic C programming , Functions , Returning value from function , Recursion

List of function and recursion programming exercises

Write a C program to find cube of any number using function .
Write a C program to find diameter, circumference and area of circle using functions .
Write a C program to find maximum and minimum between two numbers using functions .
Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd using functions .
Write a C program to check whether a number is prime, Armstrong or perfect number using functions .
Write a C program to find all prime numbers between given interval using functions .
Write a C program to print all strong numbers between given interval using functions .
Write a C program to print all Armstrong numbers between given interval using functions .
Write a C program to print all perfect numbers between given interval using functions .
Write a C program to find power of any number using recursion .
Write a C program to print all natural numbers between 1 to n using recursion .
Write a C program to print all even or odd numbers in given range using recursion .
Write a C program to find sum of all natural numbers between 1 to n using recursion .
Write a C program to find sum of all even or odd numbers in given range using recursion .
Write a C program to find reverse of any number using recursion .
Write a C program to check whether a number is palindrome or not using recursion .
Write a C program to find sum of digits of a given number using recursion .
Write a C program to find factorial of any number using recursion .
Write a C program to generate nth Fibonacci term using recursion .
Write a C program to find GCD (HCF) of two numbers using recursion .
Write a C program to find LCM of two numbers using recursion .
Write a C program to display all array elements using recursion .
Write a C program to find sum of elements of array using recursion .
Write a C program to find maximum and minimum elements in array using recursion .

C Data Types
C Operators
C Input and Output
C Control Flow
C Functions
C Preprocessors
C File Handling
C Cheatsheet
C Interview Questions

C Program to Solve the 0-1 Knapsack Problem

Prerequisite: Introduction to Knapsack Problem, its Types and How to solve them

The 0-1 Knapsack Problem is a classic dynamic programming problem where the goal is to maximize the total value of ( N ) items, each having a weight and a value, that can be included in a knapsack with a maximum weight capacity ( W ) without exceeding its capacity. It differs from the fractional knapsack problem, where we can take fractions of items. In the 0-1 knapsack problem, we can either take an item completely or leave it.

To learn more about the 0-1 Knapsack Problem refer: 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Methods For Solving 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Recursion Approach for 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Memoization approach for 0/1 knapsack problem, tabulation or bottom-up approach for 0/1 knapsack problem.

The recursive approach is based on a idea of exploring all the combinations of items possible by including and excluding each item at every step and then decide to pick the subset having maximum value among all these subsets. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using recursion we can follow the below approach:

Define a function that takes knapsack capacity W, number of items N, array of item weights and array of values as it’s parameters. If there are no items left i.e if n==0 or it the knapsack capacity is 0 i.e if W==0 then return 0. This will be the base case for the recursive function. If the weight of the current item is greater than the knapsack capacity, skip it and recursively call the function with remaining n-1 items. If the weight of the current item is less than or equal to the knapsack capacity, make two recursive calls: In the first one include the value of n-1th item and recursively call the function with reduced capacity W-weight[n-1] and n-1 items. In the second one exclude the current item and recursively call the function with unchanged capacity W and n-1 items. Return the maximum value obtained from the above recursive calls.

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Recursion

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using recursion.

Time Complexity: O(2 N ) , where N is the total number of items. Auxiliary Space: O(N), considering the recursive stack space.

The recursion + memorization is a dynamic programming problem solving technique which is also known as Top-Down DP in which we optimize the recursive version of our solutions using an array to store the result of repeated subproblems from our recursive solution. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using recursion+ memoization we can follow the below approach:

Create a 2-D array named dp with number of rows= maximum number of items and number of columns = maximum capacity of knapsack. Initialize the dp array with -1. If the value for any subproblem(n,w) is already computed that is if dp[n][w]!=-1 return dp[n][w]. Otherwise solve the problem using the recursive solution and store the result in dp[n][w].

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Memoization

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using recursion + memorization.

Time Complexity: O(N*W), where N is the total number of items and W is the maximum capacity of the knapsack. Auxiliary Space: O(N*W)

Note: The code for this approach almost remains same as the recursive approach, only a 2D array is added to optimize the code.

The tabulation method is also a dynamic programming technique which is also known as Bottom-Up DP where we store the results of smaller subproblems into a table and then use the result of the smaller subproblems iteratively to solve the larger subproblems and find the actual result. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using tabulation we can follow the below approach:

Create a 2D array dp of size (n+1)x(w+1), where dp[i][j] will store the maximum result for i items and j capacity of the knapsack. Initialize the dp[0][j] and dp[i][0] with 0 as the maximum profit will be 0 when either there are no items or the capacity of the knapsack is zero. For each item i from 1 to n and for each capacity w from 1 to j. If the weight of the current item wt[i-1] is less than or equal to w, then: dp[i][w] = max(val[i-1] + dp[i-1][w – wt[i-1]], dp[i-1][j]) Otherwise, if the weight of the current item is more than w, then: dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] (same value as without considering the current item) Return the value of dp[n][w] that will contain the maximum value that can be achieved with the full capacity W using all n items.

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Tabulation

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using tabulation.

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The Supreme Court Is Not Done Remaking America

Some of the rulings that came before the justices’ decision on presidential immunity could prove to have just as big an impact..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Michael Barbaro. This is “The Daily.”

When the Supreme Court wrapped up its term last week, much of the focus was on the ruling that gave Donald Trump sweeping immunity from criminal prosecution. But as my colleague Adam Liptak explains, a set of rulings that generated far less attention could have just as big an impact on American government and society.

It’s Monday, July 8.

Adam, welcome back. It hasn’t been very long, but we want to talk to you about the rest of the Supreme Court’s decisions that happened over the past few weeks, the rest meaning the non-Trump decisions. There were a lot of other cases, many of which we covered on the show over the past year, but we haven’t yet talked about where the justices landed as they issued their rulings on these cases over the past few weeks. So I wonder if you can walk us through some of the bigger decisions and what, taken as a whole, this entire term really means. So where should we start?

Well, this term had so many major cases, Michael, on so many important issues touching all aspects of American politics and society, that it’s a little hard to know where to start. But I think one way to think about the term is to ask, how much is this a 6-3 court? There are six conservatives in the majority, the three liberal justices in dissent. Are we going to get that kind of classic lineup time after time after time?

And one way to start answering that question is to look at two areas which are kind of part of the court’s greatest hits, areas where they’ve done a lot of work in the last few terms — guns and abortion.

OK, let’s start with guns.

The court had two big guns cases. One of them involved the Second Amendment and broke 8 to 1 against Second Amendment rights. Only Justice Clarence Thomas, the most avid supporter of gun rights, was in dissent. So let me tell you just a little bit about this case.

There’s a federal law that says people subject to domestic violence restraining orders, it’s a crime for them to have guns. A guy named Zackey Rahimi was subject to such a domestic violence restraining order, but he goes to court and says, this law violates my Second Amendment rights. The Second Amendment protects me and allows me to have a gun even if I’m in this status.

And that goes to the Supreme Court. And the way the Supreme Court analyzes this question is it looks to a test that it established only a couple of years ago, in 2022, which said you judge the constitutionality of gun control laws using history. You kind of go back in time and you see whether the community and the founding era disarmed people in the same way that the current law disarms people.

And you might think that actually, back in the 1700s, there were no such things as domestic violence restraining orders. So you might think that the answer is, this contemporary law is unconstitutional. But Chief Justice John Roberts, writing for an eight-justice majority, says, no, that’s not quite right. We’re going to kind of roll back the specificity of the test and look at very general principles. Can you disarm dangerous people back then? And if you can do that, then you can disarm Rahimi, even under this law that the founding generation could not have contemplated.

That’s really interesting. So the court, its conservative majority especially, seems to be saying that our last big decision made it too hard to regulate guns. We need to fix that. So we’re going to search really hard for a way to make sure that somebody with a restraining order for domestic abuse can’t legally have a gun.

Right. On the other hand, there was a second guns case, not involving the Second Amendment, but posing an important issue. The question in the case was whether the Trump administration was allowed to enact a gun control regulation in 2017 after the Las Vegas shooting in which, at an outdoor music festival, a gunman killed 58 people, wounded 500 more.

And the Trump administration, prompted by this massacre, they issue a regulation that tries to outlaw bump stocks. What are bump stocks? They’re devices that turn semi-automatic weapons into weapons that can fire at rates approaching a machine gun. And drawing on the authority of a 1934 law which bans, for the most part, civilian ownership of machine guns, it said bump stocks are basically the same thing, and we will, by regulation, outlaw them.

And the question for the court was, did the 1934 law authorize that? And here — and this is a typical split on this kind of stuff — the majority, the conservative majority, takes a textualist approach. It bears down on the particular words of the statute. And Justice Thomas looks at the words that Congress said a machine gun is one where a single function of the trigger causes all of these bullets to fly. And a bump stock, he said, is not precisely that. Therefore, we’re going to strike down this regulation.

So how do you reconcile these two divergent gun rulings, one where the court works really hard to allow for gun restrictions in the case of domestic abusers, and another where they seem to have no compunction about allowing for a bump stock that I think most of us, practically speaking, understand as making a semiautomatic weapon automatic in the real world?

I think the court draws a real distinction between two kinds of cases. One is about interpreting the Constitution, interpreting the Second Amendment. And in that area, it is plowing new ground. It has issued maybe four major Second Amendment cases, and it’s trying to figure out how that works and what the limits are. And the Rahimi case shows you that they’re still finding their way. They’re trying to find the right balance in that constitutional realm where they are the last word.

The bump stocks case doesn’t involve the Constitution. It involves an interpretation of a statute enacted by Congress. And the majority, in those kinds of cases, tends to read statutes narrowly. And they would say that that’s acceptable because unlike in a constitutional case, if it’s about a congressional statute, Congress can go back and fix it. Congress can say whatever it likes.

Justice Samuel Alito said, in the bump stocks case, this massacre was terrible, and it’s a pity Congress didn’t act. But if Congress doesn’t act, a regulator can’t step in and do what Congress didn’t do.

That’s interesting, because it suggests a surprising level of open-mindedness among even the court’s most conservative justices to an interpretation of the Constitution that may allow for a greater level of gun regulation than perhaps we think of them as being interested in.

Yeah. When we’re talking about the Constitution, they do seem more open to regulating guns than you might have thought.

OK. You also mentioned, Adam, abortion. Let’s talk about those decisions from this court.

So the Court, in 2022, as everyone knows, overturned Roe v. Wade, eliminated the constitutional right to abortion. But in two cases this term, they effectively enhanced the availability of abortion.

One of them involves emergency rooms. There’s a federal statute that says that emergency rooms that receive federal money have to treat patients and give them stabilizing care if they arrive in the emergency room. That seems to conflict with a strict Idaho law that prohibits abortions except to save the life of the mother.

The court agrees to hear the case, it hears arguments, and then it dismisses the case. It dismisses it as improvidently granted, which is judicial speak for “never mind.” But it’s very tentative. The court merely dismissed the case. It said it was too early to hear it. They’re going to look at it later. So it’s a very tentative sliver of a victory for abortion rights.

But nonetheless, the effect of this is to suspend the Idaho law, at least to the extent it conflicts with the federal law. And it lets emergency abortions continue. Women in Idaho have more access to emergency abortions as a consequence of this decision than if the court had gone the other way.

And of course, the other abortion case centered on the abortion pill, mifepristone.

Right. And that pill is used in a majority of abortions. And the availability of that pill is crucial to what remains of abortion rights in the United States. Lower courts had said that the Food and Drug Administration exceeded its authority in approving these abortion pills. And the case comes to the Supreme Court.

And here, again, they rule in favor of abortion rights. They maintain the availability of these pills, but they do so, again, in a kind of technical way that does not assure that the pills will forever remain available. What the court says, merely — and unanimously — is that the particular plaintiffs who challenged the law, doctors and medical groups who oppose abortion, didn’t have standing, hadn’t suffered the sort of direct injury, that gave them the right to sue.

And it got rid of the case on standing grounds. But that’s not a permanent decision. Other people, other groups can sue, have sued. And the court didn’t decide whether the FDA approval was proper or not, only that the lawsuit couldn’t go forward. And here, too, this case is a victory for abortion rights, but maybe an ephemeral one, and may well return to the court, which has not given an indication of how it will turn out if they actually address the merits.

Got it. So this is a court, the one you’re describing in these rulings, acting with some nuance and some restraint?

Yeah, this picture is complicated.

This is not the court that we’re used to thinking about. There are a lot of crosscurrents. There are a lot of surprises. And that was true, in those cases, on big issues, on guns and abortion. But in another set of cases, the court moved aggressively to the right and really took on the very power and structure of the federal government.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

We’ll be right back.

So Adam, tell us about these cases where the court was less nuanced, less, perhaps, judicious, and really tried to move aggressively to the right and take on the power of government?

So it’s been a long-term goal of the conservative legal movement to weaken the power of regulators, of taking on what they call the administrative state. And this term, the court really vindicated that decades-old project primarily by overruling the foundational precedent in this area, a precedent that gave expert agencies the power to interpret federal laws and enact regulations to protect consumers, investors, all manner of people.

And the court overruled that decision called Chevron. It was as important as the court, two years ago, overruling the right to abortion, one year ago, overruling affirmative action in higher education. This decision will reshape the way the federal government does its work.

Right. And Adam, as I recall, because we did a whole episode about this with you, Chevron created a framework whereby if a law has any ambiguity about how it’s supposed to play out, that the experts within the federal government, within the EPA or the FDA, you name the agency, that we collectively defer to them and their wisdom, and that that becomes the basis for how these laws get interpreted and carried out.

That’s right. And if you think about it, Michael, Congress can’t anticipate every circumstance. Congress will, on purpose sometimes, and inevitably at other times, leave gaps in the law. And those gaps need to be filled by someone. And the choice that the Chevron decision made was to say, we’re going to let the expert regulator fill in those gaps. If there are ambiguities in statutes, the reasonable interpretation of the regulator will get deference from courts.

Experts, not judges, will decide this matter, is what Chevron said 40 years ago. And it’s really hard to overstate the consequences of overruling Chevron. It will open countless, countless regulations to judicial challenge. It may actually kind of swamp the courts. The courts have relied very heavily on Chevron to make difficult decisions about complicated stuff, questions about the environment, and food safety, and drugs, and securities, questions that really often require quite technical expertise.

So what was the court’s rationale for changing that Chevron framework that’s been in place for so long?

What the six-justice majority opinion written by Chief Justice Roberts says is that Chevron was a wrong turn from the outset, that unelected bureaucrats should not be empowered to say what the law means, that that’s the job of judges. So it moves from the expert agency to federal judges the determination of all sorts of important issues. And it probably has the effect of deregulating much of American society.

I mean, in the old world, the regulator had a thumb on the scale. The regulator’s interpretation of an ambiguous statute was the one that counted. And now, the judge will have a fresh look at it. That doesn’t mean that, in every case, the challenger wins, and in every case, the regulator loses. But it shifts the balance and it makes challenges more likely to succeed.

Where else did we see this instinct by the court to challenge the government’s authority in this term?

So right after the court overturns Chevron, it issues a second decision that really amplifies the power of that decision, because it says that challenges can be brought not only in the usual six-year statute of limitations from when a regulation is issued, but six years from when it first affects a company.

And bear with me, because that’s a big difference. If I start a company tomorrow, I have six years to sue over a regulation that affects it, even though that regulation may have been in place for 30 years. So it restarts the clock on challenges, and that one-two punch, both of them decided by 6-3 majorities, go even further in reshaping the ability of the federal government to regulate.

I just want to be sure I understand something. So in the past, let’s say the Clean Water Act was passed in the 1970s. Under the old statute of limitations, a company could sue and say that regulation is a problem for six years. But you’re saying a new company formed right now could go back and sue over something in a 30 - or 40-year-old law and how it’s being interpreted. In other words, this ruling means there really isn’t a statute of limitations on challenging these regulations any longer.

That’s right. And it’s not as though you can’t form a company just for the purpose of litigation. I mean, it completely opens up the ability of industries, trade groups just to set up a trivial nothing company that will then be said to be affected by the regulation and then can sue from now until the end of time.

And the liberal justices sure understood what was happening here, that this one-two punch, as Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote in dissent, was a catastrophe for regulators. She wrote, “At the end of a momentous term, this much is clear — that tsunami of lawsuits against agencies that the court’s holdings in this case have authorized has the potential to devastate the functioning of the federal government.”

It’s a pretty searing warning.

Yeah. I mean, talking about regulations and administrative law might put some people to sleep, but this is a really big deal, Michael. And as if those two cases were not a substantial enough attack on the federal government’s regulatory authority, the court also issues a third 6-3 decision undoing one of the main ways that regulators file enforcement actions against people who they say have violated the law.

They don’t always go to court. Sometimes, they go to administrative tribunals within the agency. The court says, no, that’s no good. Only courts can adjudicate these matters. So it’s just another instance of the court being consistently hostile to the administrative state.

Adam, all three of these decisions might sound pretty dangerous if you have a lot of confidence in the federal government and in the judgments of regulators and bureaucrats to interpret things. But if you’re one of the many Americans who doesn’t have a whole lot of faith in the federal government, I have to imagine all of these rulings might seem pretty constructive.

That’s an excellent point. Lots of people are skeptical of regulators, are skeptical of what they would call the deep state, of unelected bureaucrats, of even the idea of expertise. And so for those people, this is a step in the right direction. It’s taking power away from bureaucrats and handing it to what we would hope are independent, fair-minded judges.

What does seem clear, Adam, is that even though this episode was supposed to be about the rest of the Supreme Court’s rulings this year, the less sexy-sounding decisions than Trump and immunity and how much power and protection all future presidents have, the rulings that you’re describing around the government’s administrative power, they seem like they’re going to have the greatest long-term impact on how our government functions, and in a sense, what our society looks like.

Well, the biggest case of the term is obviously the Trump immunity case. That’s a decision for the ages. But close behind these decisions, reshaping the administrative state and vindicating a long-held goal of the conservative legal movement going back to the Reagan administration, that the Federalist Society, the conservative legal group, has been pushing for decades, and really unraveling a conception of what the federal government does that’s been in place since the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his New Deal.

So as much as we’ve been talking about other cases where the court was tentative, surprising, nuanced in the biggest cases of the term, all delivered by six to three votes, all controlled by the conservative supermajority, the court was not nuanced. It was straightforward, and it reshaped American government.

In the end, a hard right court is going to, no matter how much it might deviate, operate like a hard right court.

Yes, Michael. It’s possible to look at the balance of the decisions and draw all kinds of complicated conclusions about the court. But when you look at the biggest cases, the picture you see is a conservative court moving the law to the right.

Well, Adam, thank you very much. We appreciate it.

Thank you, Michael.

Here’s what else you need to know today. “The Times” reports that four senior Democratic house members have told colleagues that President Biden must step aside as the party’s nominee over fears that he is no longer capable of winning. They include the top Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Veterans Affairs Committee.

Those top Democrats joined five rank and file House Democrats who have publicly called for Biden to step down. The latest of those was representative Angie Craig of Minnesota, who represents a swing district in the state. In a statement, Craig said that after watching Biden in the first debate, quote, “I do not believe that the president can effectively campaign and win against Donald Trump.” Senate Democrats remain largely quiet on the question of Biden’s future.

Now, you probably heard, I had a little debate last week. I can’t say it was my best performance.

In several appearances over the weekend, Biden acknowledged the growing skepticism of his candidacy —

Well, ever since then, there’s been a lot of speculation. What’s Joe going to do?

— but emphatically rejected the calls to step aside.

Well, let me say this clearly as I can. I’m staying in the race.

And in a surprise electoral upset, France’s political left was projected to win the largest number of seats in the National Assembly after the latest round of voting. The anti-immigrant far right had been expected to make history by winning the most seats, but a last-minute scramble by left wing parties averted that result.

Today’s episode was produced by Rikki Novetsky, Shannon Lin, and Rob Szypko. It was edited by Devon Taylor and Lisa Chow. Contains original music by Dan Powell and Sophia Lanman, and was engineered by Chris Wood. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Michael Barbaro. See you tomorrow.

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Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Adam Liptak

Produced by Rikki Novetsky , Shannon M. Lin and Rob Szypko

Edited by Devon Taylor and Lisa Chow

Original music by Dan Powell and Sophia Lanman

Engineered by Chris Wood

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When the Supreme Court wrapped up its term last week, much of the focus was on the ruling that gave former President Donald J. Trump sweeping immunity from criminal prosecution. But another set of rulings that generated less attention could have just as big an impact on American government and society.

Adam Liptak, who covers the Supreme Court for The Times, explains.

On today’s episode

Adam Liptak , who covers the Supreme Court for The New York Times and writes Sidebar, a column on legal developments.

A group portrait of the Supreme Court justices in their black gowns, in front of a red velvet curtain.

Background reading

In a volatile term, a fractured Supreme Court remade America .

Here’s a guide to the major Supreme Court decisions in 2024 .

In video: How a fractured Supreme Court ruled this term .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson, Nina Lassam and Nick Pitman.

Adam Liptak covers the Supreme Court and writes Sidebar, a column on legal developments. A graduate of Yale Law School, he practiced law for 14 years before joining The Times in 2002. More about Adam Liptak

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