Note: This depends on the focus of your work. Please see the for a detailed explanation.
"Stunning Lakeside View on Lake Erie." Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 7 June 2018, www.visitpa.com/article/stunning-lakeside-views-lake-erie.
Del Castillo, Inigo. "How Not to Kill Your Houseplants, According to Botanists." 29 Jan. 2020, www.apartmenttherapy.com/houseplant-tips-botanists-36710191.
Sherald, Amy. . 2018. , npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2018.15.
A Modern Language Association hosted website with information on MLA citation and related resources. The MLA Style Center does not contain the full text of the handbook, although it walks users through the process of creating an entry in the works cited list.
Online writing lab with formatting tips and sample papers. The "Cite your source automatically" feature on Purdue Owl pages is part of another website, and not recommended.
Citation examples, videos, and formatting guides for MLA, APA, and Chicago styles.
Information on citing government print and electronic resources using MLA citation style. (Courtesy of the University of Nevada-Reno)
Mla book citation, mla academic journal and periodical (magazine & newspaper) citation, mla website citation, mla in-text citations.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Manual of Style is commonly used in the Arts and Humanities. The Ninth Edition replaced the Eighth edition in 2021. The Ninth edition did not make many changes to the formatting requirements of bibliographic citations or in-text citations.
Explore MLA Handbook Plus from Modern Language Association on Vimeo .
AuthorLastName, FirstName. Book Title. Publisher, Year.
McMillan, Montague. A History of Limestone University: 1845-1970. Columbia, SC, R. L. Bryan Company, 1970,
Turabian, Kate. Student's Guide to Writing College Papers . The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Levitin, Daniel. A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age. Dutton, 2016.
Mathiez, Albert. The French Revolution. Translated by Catherine Phillips, Grosset & Dunlap, 1964.
Jones, Doug. A Handbook of Photography . 5th ed., Rogers, 2008.
AuthorLastName, FirstName. "Title of Article." Title of Journal , Volume, Issue, Year, Pages.
AuthorLastName, FirstName. "Title of Article." Title of Journal , Volume, Issue, Year, Pages. Database, DOI/URL
Bauer, Christine, and Christine Strauss. “Educating Artists in Management - An Analysis of Art Education Programmes in DACH Region.” Cogent Education , vol. 2, no. 1, Cogent, Dec. 2015, https://doi:10.1080/2331186X.2015.1045217.
Cazé, Antoine. “Emily Dickinson and the Question of ‘Giving Death.’” Textual Practice: Nineteenth-Century American Literature and the Philosophical , vol. 33, no. 10, Routledge, Nov. 2019, pp. 1787–800, https://doi:10.1080/0950236X.2019.1665928.
Green, Lucy. “Popular Music Education in and for Itself, and for ‘other’ Music: Current Research in the Classroom.” International Journal of Music Education , vol. 24, no. 2, SAGE Publications, 2016, pp. 101–18, https://doi:10.1177/0255761406065471.
AuthorLastName, FirstName. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine , Volume, Issue, Date, Pages.
AuthorLastName, FirstName. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine , Volume, Issue, Date, Pages. Database, DOI/URL
Berry, Barnett. “Teaching, Learning, and Caring in the Post-COVID Era.” Phi Delta Kappan , vol. 102, no. 1, Sept. 2020, pp. 14–17. EBSCOhost , https://doi:10.1177/0031721720956840.
Har'el, Alma. "Why Women's History Should Be Everyone's History." Time, 5 Mar. 2020. https://time.com/5795675/documenting-100-women-of-the-year/
Raine, Michael. “Demystifying Streaming Playlists.” Canadian Musician , vol. 42, no. 1, Jan. 2020, pp. 38–41. EBSCOhost , search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=url,ip,cookie,uid&db=a9h&AN=141371924&scope=site.
In general, follow the same format as the magazine. Include the city of publication in [brackets] for local newspapers that do not otherwise include the city of publication in the title. Note: Online editions of newspapers may not include the original page numbers. If you are citing a newspaper article that you read on the newspaper's website, include the URL. Sometimes, online-only editions will not include a volume, issue number, or page numbers.
Shain, Andy. "Fire Ravages the Historic Babcock Building in the Bull Street District." Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] , 16 Sep. 2020, p. A16.
Lustgarten, Abrahm. "How Climate Migration Will Reshape America: Millions Will Be Displaced. Where Will They Go?" New York Times.15 Sep. 2020.
For web-based materials that are potentially unstable in format, provide as much information as possible. Note that if you access a stable, published source online, like a magazine or newspaper article, cite it according to the rules for periodicals above. A source like a blog or a Wikipedia article is not a stable source. It may either change overtime or be moved to a new location. In general, it is best to avoid citing sources that do not include an author and date information.
AuthorLast, First. "Page/Article Title." Website Title, Date of Publication, URL, Date Accessed [Day Month Year].
Treilhard, John B. "Chaucer the Love Poet: A Study in Historical Criticism." Medievalists.net , 1 Apr. 2017, https://www.medievalists.net/2015/01/chaucer-love-poet-study-historical-criticism/, Accessed 15 Aug. 2018.
Ferlazzo, Larry, "Tuesday's Must-Read Articles About School Reopening." Larry Ferlazzo's Website of the Day. 14 Sep. 2020. https://larryferlazzo.edublogs.org/2020/09/14/tuesdays-must-read-articles-about-school-reopening/, Accessed 15 Sep. 2020.
(AuthorLast Page #)
Sentence text referring to the source (Smith 62).
OR: According to Smith, . . . (62).
The above reference is to a work included in the Works Cited page by an author named Smith. If there happened to be two authors named Smith on the Works Cited page, for this example, provide an additional initial or name. Thus, (A. Smith 51) and (N. Smith 62) would separate an Allison Smith from a Nelson Smith.
When citing a classic work for which many various editions exist, provide a chapter reference in addition to the page number.
(Author Page #; Chapter #)
Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London: Harriman House, 2007.
For the above entry on the Works Cited page, provide an in-text citation referencing the chapter and page number:
(Smith 45; ch. 1).
The Purdue OWL is an excellent source for MLA Citation Style information. The Purdue University's Online Writing Lab offers comprehensive information, guidelines and examples.
MLA Research Paper Example
Again, the majority of images you find are under copyright and cannot be used without permission from the creator. There are exceptions with Fair Use, but this Libguide is intended to help you locate images you can use with attribution (and in some case, the images are free to use without attribution when stated, such as with stock images from pixabay). ***Please read about public domain . These images aren't under copyright, but it's still good practice to include attribution if the information is available. Attribution : the act of attributing something, especially the ascribing of a work (as of literature or art) to a particular author or artist. When you have given proper attribution, it means you have given the information necessary for people to know who the creator of the work is.
Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples).
Currently, citing images in PPT is a bit of the Wild West. If details aren't provided by an instructor, there are a number of ways to cite. What's most important is that if the image is not a free stock image, you give credit to the author for the work. Here are some options:
1. Some sites, such as Creative Commons and Wikimedia, include the citation information with the image. Use that citation when available. Copy the citation and add under the image. For example, an image of a lake from Creative Commons has this citation next to it: "lake" by barnyz is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 .
2. Include a marker, such as Image 1. or Figure 1., and in the reference section, include full citation information with the corresponding number
3. Include a complete citation (whatever the required format, such as APA) below the image
4. Below the image, include the link to the online image location
5. Hyperlink the title of the image with the online image location
This is a guide for citing resources using the Modern Language Association (MLA) style of citing. MLA is used to cite resources within the field of English studies, foreign language and literatures, literary criticism, comparative literature and cultural studies. Please refer to your class syllabus or consult your professor to see if this is the correct citation style for your class.
This guide will provide you with examples of the most used commonly used resources. If you do not see a resource represented on these pages, please refer to the MLA Handbook 8th Edition . This manual can be found in the library in bookcase across from study room102
This guide also provide the user with a link to MLA.org, the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL), and a link to RefWorks, an online citation tool.
Each entry has a pattern, a diagram of what bibliographic information is needed to create a citation for the Work Cited page.
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Why should i cite my resources.
This is a guide for citing resources using the American Psychological Association (APA) style of citation. Use APA to cite resources within the social sciences, education and business subjects. Please refer to your class syllabus or consult your professor to see if this is the correct citation style for your class.
Why Cite Resources?
What is a citation?
A citation is a way you inform the readers that certain materials in your paper came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find the source. Your citation should include the following elements in both your footnotes and bibliography.
When do I need to cite?
You need to acknowledge whenever you borrow quotes or ideas. The following are when you need to cite:
Zotero is an application that collects, manages, and cites research sources. It's easy to use and connects with your web browser to dowload citation information from books, journal articles, web pages, and other sources. Best of all it's free. ZoteroBib is a free, fast citation generator similar that is similar to (but in our experience, more accurate and reliable than) tools such as EasyBib and NoodleTools. Our Zotero LibGuide explains how to use these tools.
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These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citations and Works Cited pages, as well as MLA sample papers, slide presentations, and the MLA classroom poster.
This page provides an overview of MLA style and where to find help with different MLA resources. It also presents an annotated list of links to all of our MLA materials, making it an excellent place to begin learning about MLA format.
MLA style is most commonly used to cite sources within the language arts, cultural studies, and other humanities disciplines. This resource, revised according to the 9th edition of the MLA manual published in April 2021, offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, and the Works Cited page. For more information, please consult the official MLA Handbook (9th ed.).
Welcome to the OWL Workshop on MLA Style. This workshop will introduce you to the Modern Language Association (MLA) Style for writing and formatting research papers. To get the most out of this workshop, you should begin with the introductory material below, which covers what MLA Style is, why it is used, and who should apply this style to their work. Then you are invited to browse through the OWL's various handouts on different aspects of MLA Formatting and Citations standards, both as sources appear in-text and in final reference page.
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Accurate MLA citations, verified by experts, trusted by millions.
Effortlessly cite any page or article directly from your browser with just one click. Our extension simplifies the citation process by automatically retrieving essential details such as the title, author(s), and publication date , ensuring accurate MLA citations in seconds.
⚙️ Styles | MLA 9 & MLA 8 |
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📚 Source types | Websites, books, articles |
🔎 Autocite | Search by title, URL, DOI, or ISBN |
Avoid the risk of losing points due to incorrect citations. Our MLA citation experts have meticulously refined our algorithms, ensuring precision and reliability. This dedication has earned us recognition and recommendations from educators worldwide.
Focus on your work without interruptions. Our citation generator provides a clean interface, free from distracting video pop-ups and flashing ads. Best of all, it's completely free for everyone.
Search for your source by title, URL, DOI, ISBN, and more to retrieve the relevant information automatically.
Scribbr's Citation Generator supports both MLA 8 and MLA 9 (as well as APA and Harvard ). No matter what edition you're using, we’ve got you covered!
Easily export in BibTeX format and continue working in your favorite LaTeX editor.
Reference list finished? Export to Word with perfect indentation and spacing set up for you.
Organize the reference list the way you want: from A to Z, new to old, or grouped by source type.
Stay organized by creating a separate reference list for each of your assignments.
Choose between Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri, and more options to match your style.
Scribbr's citation generator is built using the same citation software (CSL) as Mendeley and Zotero, but with an added layer for improved accuracy.
Create perfectly formatted MLA Style annotated bibliographies with just a few clicks.
Explanatory tips help you get the details right to ensure accurate citations.
Getting to grips with citation is simple with the help of our highly rated MLA citation guides and videos .
Your work is saved automatically after every change and stored securely in your Scribbr account.
MLA is one of the most common citation styles used by students and academics. This quick guide explains how to cite sources according to the 9th edition (the most recent) of the MLA Handbook . You can also use Scribbr’s free citation generator to automatically generate references and in-text citations.
An MLA citation has two components:
The list of Works Cited (also known as the bibliography or reference page) gives full details of every source you cited in your text. Each entry is built from nine core elements:
Following this format, you can create a citation for any type of source—for example, a book , journal article , website , or movie . You only include information that’s relevant to the type of source you’re citing.
Regardless of the source type, the most important elements of any MLA citation are the author , the source title , and the publication date. If any of these are missing from the source, the Works Cited entry will look slightly different.
What’s missing? | What to do | Works Cited example |
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No author | Start with the source title instead. Alphabetize by the first word (ignoring ). | “Australia fires: ‘Catastrophic’ alerts in South Australia and Victoria.” , 20 Nov. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-50483410. |
No title | Give a brief description of the source. Use sentence case and no italics or quotation marks. | Mackintosh, Charles Rennie. Chair of stained oak. 1897–1900, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. |
No date | Leave out the publication date. Add the date you accessed the source at the end of the citation. | “Who are Scribbr Editors?” , www.scribbr.com/about-us/editors/. Accessed 10 June 2019. |
MLA Citation Generator
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MLA in-text citations are brief references that direct your reader to the full source entry. You include them every time you quote , block quote , paraphrase or summarize a source.
The in-text citation must match the first word of the Works Cited entry—usually the author’s last name . It also includes a page number or range to help the reader locate the relevant passage.
Author | What to do | Citation example |
---|---|---|
1 author | Give the author’s last name. | (Wallace 11–12) |
2 authors | Give both author’s last names. | (Wallace and Armstrong 11–12) |
3+ authors | Name the first author followed by “et al.” | (Wallace et al. 11–12) |
Corporate author | If a source was created by an organization other than the publisher, use the organization name as author. | (U.S. Global Change Research Program 22) |
No author | If the author is the same as the publisher, or if no author is credited, use the source title instead. Format the title the same as in the full Works Cited reference, and shorten if it is more than four words. | (“Australia Fires”) |
Multiple sources by the same author | Include the title (or a shortened version) after the author’s name in each source citation. | (Morrison, , 73) (Morrison, , 45) |
If you already named the author in your sentence, include only the page number in parentheses:
If the source has no page numbers, you either use an alternative locator, or leave the page number out of the citation:
Source type | What to do | Citation example |
---|---|---|
Audiovisual source (e.g. a or ) | Give the time range of the relevant section. | (Arnold 03:15–03:21). |
Source with numbered sections (e.g. an ) | Give a paragraph, section, or chapter number. | (Smith, par. 38) (Rowling, ch. 6) |
Source with no numbered sections (e.g. a ) | Leave out the page number. | (Barker) |
Besides the MLA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more helpful tools and resources;
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
The Purdue OWL, Purdue U Writing Lab. Accessed 18 Jun. 2018. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations ...
Works Cited Page. Resources on writing an MLA style works cited page, including citation formats. Basic Format Basic guidelines for formatting the works cited page at the end of an MLA style paper Books Periodicals Electronic Sources (Web Publications)
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Citations by Format. Entries in the works-cited list are created using the MLA template of core elements—facts common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date. To use the template, evaluate the work you're citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then, list each element relevant to your source in the order given on ...
MLA Style Center, the only authorized Web site on MLA style, provides free resources on research, writing, and documentation. ... How do I alphabetize a works-cited-list entry that begins with a hashtag or another symbol? The MLA recommends that writers should "ignore symbols when alphabetizing" ("How"). This includes hashtags.
In-Text Citations: An Overview. by Modern Language Association. In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the works-cited-list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited. An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs ...
An MLA citation generator is a software tool designed to automatically create academic citations in the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation format. The generator will take information such as document titles, author, and URLs as in input, and output fully formatted citations that can be inserted into the Works Cited page of an MLA ...
Developed by the Purdue Online Writing Lab. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
The nine core elements of MLA citations. 1. Author. Begin each source entry with the name of the author (s) or creator (s). The name of the first author is always inverted (Last name, First name). When a source has two authors, the second author's name is shown in the normal order (First name Last name).
MLA Works Cited: Include 4 full citations for: de Castella's article, Matilda, James and the Giant Peach, and The BFG. Don't forget to create full, or regular citations, and place them at the end of your project. If you need help with in-text and parenthetical citations, CitationMachine.net can help.
If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as pp. 225-50 (Note: MLA style dictates that you should omit the first sets of repeated digits. In our example, the digit in the hundreds place is repeated between 2 25 and 2 50, so you omit the 2 from 250 in the citation: pp ...
Cite your MLA source. Start by applying these MLA format guidelines to your document: Use an easily readable font like 12 pt Times New Roman. Set 1 inch page margins. Use double line spacing. Include a ½" indent for new paragraphs. Include a four-line MLA heading on the first page. Center the paper's title.
Basic MLA - Citation Guide - Library Guides at Purdue University Northwest. MLA. Changes in 9th edition. The 9th edition of the MLA Handbook was published in 2021. In this update, the format for both in-text and Works Cited citations is the same as the 8th edition. The 9th edition also includes this clarification on citing a film/DVD.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Manual of Style is commonly used in the Arts and Humanities. The Ninth Edition replaced the Eighth edition in 2021. The Ninth edition did not make many changes to the formatting requirements of bibliographic citations or in-text citations. MLA 9th Edition Formatting & Style Guide (Purdue OWL)
MLA: Citing images in-text, incorporating images into the text of your paper, works cited APA 6th ed.: Citing images in-text and reference list ... Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, 765-494-4600. Purdue University Libraries is a congressionally designated depository for U.S. Government information.
Published on July 17, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on March 5, 2024. An MLA website citation includes the author's name, the title of the page (in quotation marks), the name of the website (in italics), the publication date, and the URL (without "https://"). If the author is unknown, start with the title of the page instead.
MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications) The MLA Handbook highlights principles over prescriptive practices. Essentially, a writer will need to take note of primary elements in every source, such as author, title, etc. and then assort them in a general format. Thus, by using this methodology, a writer will be able to cite any ...
MLA Modern Language Association . This is a guide for citing resources using the Modern Language Association (MLA) style of citing. MLA is used to cite resources within the field of English studies, foreign language and literatures, literary criticism, comparative literature and cultural studies. Please refer to your class syllabus or consult your professor to see if this is the correct ...
Revised on March 5, 2024. An MLA in-text citation provides the author's last name and a page number in parentheses. If a source has two authors, name both. If a source has more than two authors, name only the first author, followed by " et al. ". If the part you're citing spans multiple pages, include the full page range.
MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources. Several sources have multiple means for citation, especially those that appear in varied formats: films, DVDs, television shows, music, published and unpublished interviews, interviews over e-mail, published and unpublished conference proceedings. The following section discusses these sorts of citations as ...
MLA style is most commonly used to cite sources within the language arts, cultural studies, and other humanities disciplines. This resource, revised according to the 9th edition of the MLA manual published in April 2021, offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, and the Works Cited page.
- GSU MLA Citation LibGuide - MLA Style Center Citation Guide - Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) MLA Works Cited Page Basics. From the Purdue OWL - Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. ...
It gives full details of every source that you cited in an MLA in-text citation. Like the rest of an MLA format paper, the Works Cited should be left-aligned and double-spaced with 1-inch margins. You can use our free MLA Citation Generator to create and manage your Works Cited list. Choose your source type and enter the URL, DOI or title to ...
How to cite in MLA format. MLA is one of the most common citation styles used by students and academics. This quick guide explains how to cite sources according to the 9th edition (the most recent) of the MLA Handbook.You can also use Scribbr's free citation generator to automatically generate references and in-text citations.. An MLA citation has two components: